NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs)

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) 

These are group of drugs that provide analgesic (Pain relieve), antipyretic (Fever reduction), and in high doses, anti-inflammatory effects. 

Commonly used ones are:
Aspirin (Ace ty salicylic acid) 
Ibuprofen
Napoxen
Indomethacin
Piroxicam
Diclofenac
Meloxicam
Celecoxib

Indications (medical uses):
Dymenorrhoea (menstrual pain) 
Migraine and headache
Acute gout
Metastatic bone pain
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pyrexia (fever) 
Ileus
Renal colic
Coagulation disorders - Aspirin is used in this condition 
Tennis elbow 
Post operative pain
Inflammatory arthropaties like ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis etc
In neonates to close a patent doctus arteriosus

Contraindications:
They should be avoided by ;
Pregnant women especially those in third trimester 
People with peptic ulcer
People with uncontrolled hypertension 
People who have had  a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (neurological deficit lasting less than 24 hours) 
People with kidney disease
People who have congestive heart failure 
People who have coronary artery disease 
People who react to NSAID's


Adverse effects of NSAID's:
1- Premature birth, miscarriage and renal adverse drug reactions in fetus. So not recommended in pregnancy especially in third trimester (last 3 months of pregnancy) 
2- Photosensitivity - Piroxycam and diclofenac are some of the drugs implicated here
3- Kidney diseases (Renal adverse drug reactions). In this case, it causes salt and water retention as well as hypertension (High blood pressure). Can lead to acute kidney injury (Acute renal failure) 
4- Gastrointestinal problems like gastric ulcer, bleeding, diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting 
5- Heart problems like myocardial infarction(Except aspirin) and heart failure (Aside from low dose aspirin) 
6- Stroke (Except aspirin) 
7- Possible erectile dysfunction in prolonged usage 
8- They can potentiate bleeding and ulcerative in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis 
Allergy and hypersensitivity 











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