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INTRODUCTION Edema is the swelling that occurs when your body traps excess fluid especially in the skin. This fluid is known as tissue fluid or interstitial fluid (ISF).  The interstitial fluid is defined as the fluid which fills the spaces between cells. It helps to exchange materials between cells, between blood (plasma) and tissue cells and waste removal.  PLASMA IS THE LIQUID PART OF THE BLOOD. THE SOLID PART OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF CELLS .  The interstitial fluid and plasma are kept in a physiological balance state to maintain their functions but in some disease conditions this balance is altered and if positive on the interstitial fluid, it results to edema.   NOTABLE CAUSES INCLUDE:  Allergy, inflammation, trauma, sitting or standing for a long time, medications, starvation, malnutrition, pregnancy, organ failures, vascular obstructions, poor drainage of a body area are known to cause edema.  FLUID EXCHANGE The part of your blood vessels r

INTRODUCTION The daily experience of stress in our lives can't be abolished. Stress perhaps can be emotional or physical. A limb supporting the body is said to be on stress. Lifting a load with your hands puts your hands on stress and as you exercise, your muscles are stressed. However there's "good stress" which is usually moderate or described as "low-level". This is a healthy form of stress as it has beneficial impact on us. Bad stress or chronic stress on the other hand is a condition that throws your psychology and physiology in turmoil.  Stressors are conditions or events that stresses and organism and a stresse is an organism under stress.  As living organisms, we are built to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions, challenges and demands but when these becomes overwhelming, we are said to be stressed and this is evident by some precipitating symptoms.  Furthermore, our daily usage of the word stress usually denotes negativity but t

Introduction As humans, we are equipped with abilities to handle demands and challenging situations. When these demands are overwhelming, we are said to be stressed.  Stress is not anxiety, fear or cause of a disease but contributes to some disease development. It is the body's reaction to demands, a state of severe physiological and psychological tension and preparation for fight-or-flight. Fight-or-flight response is the body's biological response to danger. This simply means "battle it out or run ". During fight-or-flight, your heart rate and blood flow to large muscles increase so you can run faster or fight harder, blood vessels under the skin constricts to prevent blood loss in injury, pupils get dilated to see well. Blood sugar goes up in an attempt to have more energy.   At the same time, body processes not essential to immediate survival are suppressed. The digestive and reproductive systems slow down, growth hormones are inhibited and the immune

Thomas Fuller (1710-1790) born in Africa in "Negro town" between present day Liberia and Benin was shipped to America as a slave at the age of 14 (1724).                                 Picture from postnewsgroup.com He eventually became legal property of Presley and Elizabeth Cox of Alexandria, Virginia, USA. Both Fuller and the Coxes were illiterates and he was most valued among other slaves owned by The Coxes.  Due to Fuller's extraordinary arithmetic ability, he was also called Virginia calculator, mental calculator. He is also known as Negro Tom. Fuller wasn't predisposed to reading or writing but later in his life, he was discovered by antislavery campaign who used him as a demonstration that blacks are not mentally inferior to whites.                                 Photo from reportghana.com  At 70 years of age, William Hartshorne and Samuel Coates from Pennsylvania while traveling through the slave neighborhood heard of his remarkable

MGBEOKWERE CHIBUIKE MICHAEL You might be wondering how obesity really causes diabetes, the relationship between the two. Obesity is just excess fat and diabetes is as a result of excess sugar so what could be the relationship. Why is it that people who have obesity are always advised to exercise, burn those fats and remain healthy?  Well, in this article you'll understand what obesity really is, what overweight is, how to check them and their role in diabetes.  At least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obese and in 2008, over 40 million preschool children were overweight worldwide.  In 2016,more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight and 650 million were obese.  WHAT IS OBESITY?  Obesity is accumulation of fat in your body at a level that exposes you to health and psychosocial problems. Similar definition is given to "overweight " but the difference is gotten from checking the body mass index(BMI).  Body mass index (BMI) is the body'

                                                       The importance of television in our homes cannot be overemphasized. Watching news, sports, films, religious programs, historical events, academic programs, documentaries, wild and domestic life, music videos, reality shows, animations, cartoons, skill acquisition programs etc. It's obviously very important to have such gadget in your home. But what happens when this is abused or misused? What happens when there's addiction especially from the kids?  What happens when pleasure dominates over morality and necessity? Do you get rid of your tv or lock it up in a room or a place far from the children's reach?  It is agreeable that the psychology of an adult and a child isn't the same. As an adult you are expected to be moral, know when to stop, know what to do and when to do it. So it is safe to say that the destructive influence of home media on you as an adult isn't a thing compared to the i

❂✿❂✿❂✿❂✿❂ You might have been wondering why your penis doesn't stand for a long time before going back to its normal state. It must have been a thing of concern to you that you don't have good penile erection to satisfy your partner.😔 At times your partner may not complain and act like everything is normal. She just doesn't know how to tell you for fear of making you embarrassed. Without ejaculation, your penis is meant to remain standing (erected) upon sexual stimulation unless the arousal is suspended.  As far as there's sexual stimulation and without ejaculation, there should be erection.  ❂✿❂✿❂✿❂✿❂ For you to have erection, there must be increased blood flow to your penis. As this happens, your arteries and arterioles (Which are blood vessels that take blood from the heart to an organ) of your penis will dilate and your veins(which take blood away from an organ and back to the heart) will be compressed so that blood will no leave your penis. The build u